Transmission occurs when a host becomes infected by direct contact with an affected animal or by coming into a contaminated environment like burrows or nests where free-living mites can survive for several weeks in high humidity and low temperatures. Disease is more severe in stressed animals with weakened immune systems or poor nutrition. Demodectic mange signs include hair loss and dry, flakey, thickened skin. Notoedric mange results in hair loss in affected squirrels that begins over the chest and shoulders and progresses to affect the entire body. Scabs and foul-smelling crusts result from secondary infections with bacteria and yeast. Sarcoptic mange signs often include hair thinning and hair loss and thickening and wrinkling of the skin. Demodectic mange, also called demodicosis, has been reported in many mammalian species including white-tailed deer, mule deer, elk, and black bears.Ĭlinical signs vary by type but a common sign is hair loss. Notoedric mange is generally host specific to squirrels and has been reported in the western gray squirrel, eastern gray squirrel, fox squirrel, and rarely in bobcats. Sarcoptic mange can affect wild and domestic mammals and is often reported in wild canids such as red foxes, coyotes, gray wolves, and red wolves. There are different species of mites that can cause the disease. Mange is a skin disease that affects mammals caused by microscopic mites that burrow into skin.
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